Here are some things I learned in food service that we implement in my household, as promised yesterday.
1) Temperature is king. Put a reliable thermometer in your fridge and freezer. Heck, two each since they're cheap. Know what temperature your cooling equipment is at. That's right: cooling equipment. It's there to do a job, so have some expectations from it and know how it's performing. Optimal temperature is 34-38 * for most food and 0 or below for the freezer. Those crisper drawers on the bottom are separated from the rest of the fridge for a reason. They stay warmer. Look at the top of your fridge from inside and you'll see some vents. Most refrigerators are cooled from the freezer, so the area around that vent is going to be the coldest part of the fridge. Veggies are less likely to freeze over in the drawer, and many of them, especially the leafy ones, are going to do a lot better in a 45-50 degree environment. That leads me to a difficult problem, though. The best place to store raw chicken and meats is below foods that won't be cooked to at least 165 *. Since we don't cook our salad at all, and it goes in the very bottom, what do we do? Sadly, I just don't use one of my drawers, and leave the chicken on the shelf over it in a tightly sealed container until it's ready to cook.
Also, don't be afraid to pull something out of your fridge just to work it over, either. Have some lettuce started to wilt? Some apples starting to develop soft spots? Take it out, right away. Get rid of all damaged produce. As fruit matures or ripens, it starts to expel a gas called ethylene. It actually helps other fruits and vegetables to ripen more quickly, or spoil if they're already ripe. That's why gramma used to put green bananas in a paper bag with some apples. I guess it would have worked better if she's punched the apple in the face first. But take that apple out to save the rest of the drawer. Pare it down and eat it, make applesauce, whatever. Peel away damaged lettuce leaves. Most vegetables respond well to swimming in some cold water when they start to soften a bit, especially carrots and celery. Maybe that package of steak or chicken was inconspicuously damaged, you can see the steak starting to dry out now. Pull it, trim it, and get it back into an airtight container.
But wait, you have to get them home first, right? Transport your groceries as well out of the sun as you can. If you have a window shade, take it from the dashboard and lay it over your groceries in the backseat or hatch. Have more than 15 minutes to drive? Get a thermos bag. They aren't terribly expensive, and they are reusable. That drive home is dangerous, especially if you've spent more than 30 minutes at the grocery store. Speaking of that, we all know to shop the aisles first, then the refrigerated outer cases, and the freezer last, right? I see people all the time at the deli with empty carts getting their moist, high-protein sandwich meat and pass them again an hour later at the register when I clock out for my break.
National food safety standards allow for only 4 hours TOTAL time in the temperature range of 40* to 140 *, a bit more if most of that time is below 70*. Restaurants typically have strict controls and verifications on their suppliers and transporters and get nearly all four hours in the restaurant, but that includes receiving, storage, prep, rotation, cooking, holding, serving, cooling, reheating, holding again, and serving again sometimes. I've never seen anyone reheat a food more than once, as most of us are paranoid about that kind of thing. But I can promise that 4 hours isn't all that long.
I think that most grocery stores do a pretty good job of temperature control as well, but that doesn't mean you should let food sit on the counter for three hours for no reason, either. Get it into the fridge or freezer.
Wherever you store your cans and dry goods should also be cool, say below 78*. Moisture can also be bad for anything not canned or jarred, and sometimes bad for the can or the jar. If you have a problem with humidity, consider a dessicant. It's cheaper than a dehumidifier, and more practical as well.
I think I will save food safety for another post.
Get in the habit of knowing the conditions under which you store your food, and you'll have more confidence in it than you ever got by simply looking at the date on the package.